Difference between revisions of "Bali Istilah"
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'''Babad''' teks yang memiliki kandungan sejarah. Contoh: [[babad-gumi|Babad Gumi]] | '''Babad''' teks yang memiliki kandungan sejarah. Contoh: [[babad-gumi|Babad Gumi]] | ||
− | '''Babon''' lontar yang dijadikan sumber salinan, | + | '''Babon''' lontar yang dijadikan sumber salinan, induk salinan; kadang ditulis di kolofon sebagaimana pada [[carcan-ayam|Carcan Ayam]] |
'''Cakĕp''' papan kayu atau bambu yang digunakan sebagai sampul lĕmpiran. | '''Cakĕp''' papan kayu atau bambu yang digunakan sebagai sampul lĕmpiran. | ||
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'''Babad''' text on historical subjects; chronicles. Example: [[babad-gumi|Babad Gumi]] | '''Babad''' text on historical subjects; chronicles. Example: [[babad-gumi|Babad Gumi]] | ||
− | '''Babon''' the original lontar used for | + | '''Babon''' the original lontar used for creating new copies, the source lontar; sometimes indicated in the colophon as can be seen in [[carcan-ayam|Carcan Ayam]] |
'''Cakĕp''' wooden or bamboo board used as a cover for lĕmpiran. | '''Cakĕp''' wooden or bamboo board used as a cover for lĕmpiran. | ||
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'''Carcan''' taxonomic text that classify various properties and kinds of a certain subject, usually with their symbolic meaning and effect for humans. Example: [[carcan-kucing|Carcan Kucing]] | '''Carcan''' taxonomic text that classify various properties and kinds of a certain subject, usually with their symbolic meaning and effect for humans. Example: [[carcan-kucing|Carcan Kucing]] | ||
− | '''Colophon''' | + | '''Colophon''' notes on the production of the manuscript, usually given at the end of the lontar and contains the date of completion, the name and address of the scribe, and other related information. |
'''Gĕguritan''' a form of metered poem using vernacular language, often sung. This form is known as one of the ''sĕkar alit'' or "common poems" in Balinese literature. Example: [[geguritan-rusak-banjar|Gĕguritan Rusak Bañjar]] | '''Gĕguritan''' a form of metered poem using vernacular language, often sung. This form is known as one of the ''sĕkar alit'' or "common poems" in Balinese literature. Example: [[geguritan-rusak-banjar|Gĕguritan Rusak Bañjar]] | ||
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'''Leyak · Leak''' a practitioner of dark magic for malevolent purposes. | '''Leyak · Leak''' a practitioner of dark magic for malevolent purposes. | ||
− | '''Mamadu''' a term for similar syllables that are hard to distinguish due to poor handwriting, for instance between ha [ᬳ], ta [ᬢ], and ga [ᬕ]. | + | '''Mamadu''' a term for similar looking syllables that are hard to distinguish due to poor handwriting, for instance between ha [ᬳ], ta [ᬢ], and ga [ᬕ]. |
'''Mantra''' text containing chants and incantations of mystical qualities. Example: [[mantra-pangwisesan|Mantra Pangwiśesān]] | '''Mantra''' text containing chants and incantations of mystical qualities. Example: [[mantra-pangwisesan|Mantra Pangwiśesān]] |
Latest revision as of 00:24, 10 March 2020
Bahasa Indonesia
Awig-awig hukum adat yang disusun dan ditaati oleh masyarakat sebuah desa tertentu. Contoh: Awig-awig Desa Silangjana
Babad teks yang memiliki kandungan sejarah. Contoh: Babad Gumi
Babon lontar yang dijadikan sumber salinan, induk salinan; kadang ditulis di kolofon sebagaimana pada Carcan Ayam
Cakĕp papan kayu atau bambu yang digunakan sebagai sampul lĕmpiran.
Cakĕpan satu ikat lĕmpiran yang disampul papan cakĕp. Satu cakĕpan dapat memiliki beberapa teks.
Candra Sĕngkala kalimat puitis dengan kata-kata spesifik yang digunakan untuk menandakan angka pada tahun śaka tertentu, kronogram. Contoh: nora tinghāl bhūttha tunggal, nora=0 tinghāl=2 bhūttha=5 tunggal=1, tahun 1520 śaka
Carcan teks taksonomis yang menguraikan berbagai ciri dan jenis suatu subjek tertentu, umumnya dengan arti dan pengaruh baik-buruknya bagi manusia. Contoh: Carcan Kucing
Gĕguritan sebuah bentuk puisi tembang dengan bahasa sehari-hari, umumnya dinyanyikan. Bentuk ini dikenal sebagai salah satu bentuk sĕkar alit atau "puisi umum" dalam sastra Bali. Contoh: Gĕguritan Rusak Bañjar
Kakawin sebuah bentuk puisi tembang berbahasa Jawa Kuno, dengan struktur bait yang diadaptasi dari norma puisi Sansekerta dan umumnya dinyanyikan. Bentuk ini dikenal sebagai salah satu bentuk sĕkar agung atau "puisi tinggi" dalam sastra Bali. Contoh: Kakawin Atlas Bhūmi
Kidung sebuah bentuk puisi tembang berbahasa Jawa tengahan, umumnya dinyanyikan. Bentuk ini dikenal sebagai salah satu bentuk sĕkar madya atau "puisi menengah" dalam sastra Bali. Contoh: Kidung Oruk
Kolofon catatan penulisan, umumnya diletakkan di akhir dan berisi informasi seperti tanggal penyelesaian, nama dan asal penulis, serta informasi terkait lainnya.
Lĕmpir lembar lontar yang telah ditulis.
Lĕmpiran kumpulan lĕmpir.
Leyak · Leak orang yang mempraktekkan sihir hitam untuk tujuan buruk.
Mamadu istilah untuk aksara yang sulit dibedakan karena tulis tangan yang kurang baik, misal antar aksara ha [ᬳ], ta [ᬢ], dan ga [ᬕ].
Mantra teks yang berisi ucapan gaib. Contoh: Mantra Pangwiśesān
Niskala dunia yang tidak kasat mata.
Panĕrang panduan untuk mencerahkan cuaca. Contoh: Panĕrang
Pangujanan panduan untuk memanggil hujan. Contoh: Pangujanan
Parwa teks yang membahas dan mengadaptasi epos Sansekerta, seperti Mahābhārata dan Rāmāyaṇa, dalam bentuk prosa.
Rajah · Rĕrajahan gambar atau diagram yang memiliki makna simbolik tertentu.
Śaka hitungan tahun yang digunakan dalam kalender Bali dengan selisih 78 tahun di belakang kalender Masehi (2019 masehi setara dengan 1941 śaka).
Sĕkala dunia yang kasat mata.
Tattwa teks mengenai filsafat, dapat juga digunakan untuk sejenis tutur yang memiliki banyak kandungan filosofis. Contoh: Tattwa Hanacaraka
Tutur teks yang berisi ajaran dan nasihat. Contoh: Tutūr Aji Śaraśwatī
Ugĕr-ugĕr teks mengenai tata tulis dan pengejaan. Contoh: Ugĕr-ugĕr Pasang Akṣara Bali
Usada · Wisada teks mengenai pengobatan. Pengobatan dalam pemahaman ini tidak terbatas pada kondisi fisik tubuh, namun juga kondisi spiritual hingga lingkungan. Contoh: Uṣadha Buda Kĕcapi, Wiṣadha Sawah
English
Awig-awig a set of rules made by and for residents of a village; traditional village ordinance. Example: Awig-awig Desa Silangjana
Babad text on historical subjects; chronicles. Example: Babad Gumi
Babon the original lontar used for creating new copies, the source lontar; sometimes indicated in the colophon as can be seen in Carcan Ayam
Cakĕp wooden or bamboo board used as a cover for lĕmpiran.
Cakĕpan a single bundle of lontar manuscript with cakĕp cover boards, may contain several texts.
Candra Sĕngkala poetic sentence with specific words used to signify numerals of a particular śaka year, chronogram. Example: nora tinghāl bhūttha tunggal (loosely translated could mean "do not look on the lone evil spirit"), nora=0 tinghāl=2 bhūttha=5 tunggal=1, year 1520 śaka
Carcan taxonomic text that classify various properties and kinds of a certain subject, usually with their symbolic meaning and effect for humans. Example: Carcan Kucing
Colophon notes on the production of the manuscript, usually given at the end of the lontar and contains the date of completion, the name and address of the scribe, and other related information.
Gĕguritan a form of metered poem using vernacular language, often sung. This form is known as one of the sĕkar alit or "common poems" in Balinese literature. Example: Gĕguritan Rusak Bañjar
Kakawin a form of metered poem using the Kawi or Old Javanese Language, with norms adapted from Sanskrit poetic forms and often sung. This form is known as one of the sĕkar agung or "noble poems" in Balinese literature. Example: Kakawin Atlas Bhūmi
Kidung a form of metered poem using middle Javanese, often sung. This form is known as one of the sĕkar madya or "middle poems" in Balinese literature. Example: Kidung Oruk
Lĕmpir a page of lontar that has been written.
Lĕmpiran an array of lĕmpir.
Leyak · Leak a practitioner of dark magic for malevolent purposes.
Mamadu a term for similar looking syllables that are hard to distinguish due to poor handwriting, for instance between ha [ᬳ], ta [ᬢ], and ga [ᬕ].
Mantra text containing chants and incantations of mystical qualities. Example: Mantra Pangwiśesān
Niskala the unseen world, the paranormal.
Panĕrang guide for invoking clear weather; from root word tĕrang (bright or clear). Example: Panĕrang
Pangujanan guide for invoking rain; from root word ujan or hujan (rain). Example: Pangujanan
Parwa text containing adaptation and discussion of the Sanskrit epics, such as the Mahābhārata and Rāmāyaṇa, in prose form.
Rajah · Rĕrajahan pictures or diagrams with symbolic significance.
Śaka the year count used in Balinese calendars, running 78 years behind the Gregorian calendar (2019 AD is equivalent to 1941 śaka).
Sĕkala the seen world, the mundane.
Tattwa text on philosophy, can also be aplied to a kind of tutur with a more philosophical content. Example: Tattwa Hanacaraka
Tutur text containing advice or admonitions. Example: Tutūr Aji Śaraśwatī
Ugĕr-ugĕr text containing orthographic and spelling rules. Example: Ugĕr-ugĕr Pasang Akṣara Bali
Usada · Wisada text concerning medicine and healing. Healing in this case is not limited to physical health, but also spiritual and even enviromental health. Example: Uṣadha Buda Kĕcapi, Wiṣadha Sawah